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eSpfa,muf&Sdao;w,f ydkeD;atmifoGm;r,f
ighaemufuvkdufcJh oGm;awmh
-nmbufudkMunfh -wuf wuf
wuf
c&pfpwD;em; oGm;r,f
olwdkYudkypf
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em;&if ighudkajymyg
eif ighudkajym&rSm
acG;r
acG;aumif
wu,frdkufwmyJ
tumtuG,f,lxm;
oGm; x&pf ig umxm;ay;r,f
yGJNyD;oGm;NyD
aumif;aumif;vkyfedkifcJhwmyJ x&pf
a[h x&pf
ajymav
igwkdYeJY vdkufcJh
eif b,foGm;aewmvJ
jyefzdkYtwGufjzwfvrf;
vlopfawG&JU vkyfaeustvkyfygyJ taMumufw&m;uif;rJholawG&JUyHkpHyJ
aumif;NyD vkyfvdkufMu&atmif
-aumif;w,f -aumif;NyD tqifajy&JUvm;
-wif;aeatmifudkifxm; -tif; oGm;awmh
ysHawmh abbD
eif tvSnfh
aumif;NyD vkyfawmh
vkyfxm; aumifrav;
vkyfawmh x&pf
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atmufa&muf&if b&dwfcfqGJzdkYrarheJYaemf
tdkau
oGm;awmh
toifhyJvm;
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b&dwfcfqGJ b&dwfcfqGJ
x&pf
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aus;Zl;yJ
eif 'Dnwu,fudkxl;cRefcJhw,fqdkwmajymcsifvdkYyg
eif &J&ifcJhwmyJ
tif;
eifh&JU oli,fcsif;awGqDjyefoGm;aeaoifhw,f
tkdau
rif;wdkY teDa&mifpnf;tay:rSm tqifhcsdwfr,fqdk&if
rif;wdkY 'kwd,tqifhavhusifhcef;udk qufavhusifh&r,f
tJh'datmufa&mufae&ifawmh
rif;wdkYtwGuf tcsdefukefrcHawmhbl;
'DrSm rif;wdkY&JUtqifhawG
aumif;w,f
eif vkyfedkifcJhNyD
eif ausmfjzwfedkifcJhNyD x&pf
-em;vnfNyD -aus;Zl;yJ
'Dawmh igwdkYyxrqifhavhusifhcef;udkjzwfausmfedkifcJhNyD 'gu igwdkYtwGufqkv'fyJ
ypfwifvdkuf
crf;em;vdkufwm
tar
tarh&JUorD;av;
tar 'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ
odyfrMumcif olwdkYorD;udk'DrSmwm0efay;r,fqdkwm tarodxm;w,f
Munfhygtkef; bk&m;a& orD; t&rf;udkoefrmNyD; acsmarmvmyghvm;
tar 'DrSmaevdkYr&bl;av
tarodygw,f 'gayr,fh orD;tEÅ&m,f&SdaeNyD
bmvJ
orD;udk ar;p&m&Sdw,f
yifudk,fpGrf;&nfprf;oyfwJhaeYu orD;aeraumif;rjzpfaecJhbl;rvm;
bmjzpfvdkYvJ
orD;&JU prf;oyfcsuftajzubmvJ
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olwdkYawG tajza&a&&m&mrxGufbl;
vrf;opfazmufolvm;
orD; b,folUudkrSajymjyvdkYrjzpfbl; orD;&JU oli,fcsif;awGudkvnf;ajymjyvdkYr&bl;
orD;&JU avhusifha&;rSL;udka&m orD; b,folUudkrS,HkMunfvdkYr&bl;
orD; r,HkMunfygbl;
vlawGu vrf;opfazmufolawG&JU jcdrf;ajcmufrIudktNrJcHaecJh&wm
'gayr,fh tck OmPfynm&ifhoefolawGu olwdkYudkae&mwdkif;rSmvdkuf&Smaew,f
olwdkYudkazmfxkwfzdkY vkyfaqmifaew,f
bmjzpfvdkYvJ
tar orD;ubmvJ
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olwdkY orD;udkxdwfvefYaewm
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olwdkY orD;&JUacgif;xJudk0ifNyD;awmh
taMumufw&m;udkorD; b,fvdkwkefYjyefw,fqdkwm MunfhMuvdrfhr,f
'gayr,fh orD;ausmfjzwfedkifygw,f orD; taMumufw&m;uif;rJholwpfa,mufjzpfekdifygw,f
tar t&ifuwnf;ujrifcJhNyD;om;yg
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tarhtwGuf udpör&Sdygbl; orD;&JUb0udk olwdkYrodapeJY
aetkef; aetkef; taru taMumufw&m;uif;rJholyJvm;
-em;axmif -a[h
'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ
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olwdkY olYudkbmvkyfvdkufwmvJ
x&pf
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aoG;&nfMunfudk eifhudkxdk;r,f
aumif;ygNyD
pdwf acsmufjcm;rIjzpfatmif vkyfaqmifvdrfhr,f
NyD;awmh aoG;&nfMunfxJudk ay;ydkYNyD;awmh
eifhpdwfxJu yHk&dyfawGudk igMunfhvdkY&r,f
&Sif uRefr&JUpdwftwGif;ydkif;udkjrif&rSmvm;
tif;
aemufudkrSDvdkufyg
tck eiftqdk;qHk;taMumufw&m;awGeJY &ifqdkifae&NyD x&pf
vltrsm;pku wpfq,fuae q,fhig;xd qdk;qdk;0g;0g;wpfckudk&Muw,f
eifudk,feif wnfjidrfatmifvkyfaqmif&r,f
eifh&JUeSvHk;ckefEIef;eJY toH&IEIef;udk edrfhusatmifvkyfyg
NyD;awmh eifha&SUrSm&SdwJht&mudk&ifqdkifyg
&J&ifhyg
'gawGu tppftrSefr[kwfbl;
bmrSrjzpfygbl; tqifajyygw,f
eif tqifajy&JUvm;
eif pdwfacsmufjcm;rItwGif;rSm b,favmufMumcJhw,fvdkYxifvJ
-q,fhoHk;rdepfvm; -oHk;rdepf
omrefvlawGxuf av;qjrefw,f
yxrqHk;tMudrfrSmaumif;aumif;vkyfaqmifekdifwm wpfcgrSrawGUzl;bl;
eif iSufawGudkb,fvdk&Sif;xkwfcJhwmvJ
yHk&dyfawGu r&Sif;bl;
uRefr a&xJudkikyf0ifcJhwm
aumif;NyD aemufwpfMudrfus&if ydkNyD;awmh vG,fulrSmyg
uRefr aemufxyfvkyf&tkef;rSmvm;
tif; aemufqHk;tqifhra&mufcif eiftMudrfaygif;rsm;pGmavhusifh&rSm
'gayr,fh eifuobm0eJYwom;wnf;yg
eif bmrSpdk;&drfp&mrvdkygbl;
igh&JUcE¨mudk,fwpfckvHk; ydk;aumifawGeJY zHk;vTrf;aecJhwm
igh&JUem;awGxJrSma&m vnfacsmif;xJrSma&m
ig touf&IvdkYvnf;r&awmhbl;
tif; ig'DaumiftaMumif;udkvGefcJhwJheSpfeSpfavmufuwnf;u Mum;cJhzl;w,f
'Dawmh olxkdifaewJhcHkrSmyJ eSvHk;a&m*gxazmufcJhwm
-NyD;awmh olaovkarQmyg;yJ -bmvJ
tif; 'Dawmh igwdkYa&SUqufNyD;vkyf&tkef;rSmyJ [kwfw,frvm;
eif bmtcuftcJrSrawGUwJhyHkyJaemf
igvm; r[kwfygbl; bk&m;a& awmfawmfqdk;&Gm;cJhwmyJ
vkyfyg eifh&JUtcsdefudkvdkufrDzdkY wpfa,mufrSawmifreD;pyfMubl;
eif wu,ftHhMop&myJ tif; olrif;udk taMumufw&m;uif;rJholtzGJUxJu
xGuf&atmifvkyfawmhrSmu ydkNyD;tHhMop&maumif;wm
ol ighudktaMumufw&m;uif;rJholtzGJUxJuuefxkwfrSmr[kwfygbl;
'DrSmolu tnHhqHk;uae tawmfqHk;jzpfoGm;wmaemf
atmufajcuolU&JUae&mudk wpfa,mufa,muftpm;0if&awmhrSmyJ
b,foljzpfekdkifrvJ rif;yJjzpfrSmyg
eif pum;ajymwm &yftkef;rSmvm;
ol b,fvdkvkyfcJhw,fqdkwm igodcsifvdkYyg
eifh&JU vSnfhuGufubmvJ
ighrSm bmvSnfhuGufrSr&Sdbl;
b,folrS 'DavmufjrefjrefMuD;rausmfjzwfedkifbl;
b,fvdkausmfjzwf&r,fqdkwm bmaMumifh igwdkYudkrajymjy&wmvJ
tenf;qHk;awmh eifh&JUoli,fcsif;awGudkawmhajymjyaygh
ol bmawGajymaewmvJ
vG,fulatmifvkyfwJh enf;vrf;&Sdwmvm;
r[kwfygbl;
r[kwfygbl; ig ig bmrSrvkyfygbl;
a[h a[h
'gu tppftrSefr[kwfbl;
eif b,fvdkvkyfvdkufwmvJ
bmudkvJ
eif rSefudkb,fvdkcGJvdkufwmvJ
uRefrvnf;rodbl; 'Dtwdkif;yJvkyfvdkufwm
eif vkyfcJhwmvm;
eifh&JU prf;oyfrI&v'fu bmvJ
eifh&JU yifudk,fyg&rDprf;oyfrIav
a&SmifMuOfol
iguawmh rxifygbl;
bmudkvJ
eif ighudkvdrfaew,fvdkYxifwmyJ
uRefru bmaMumifh&Sifhudkvdrfnm&rSmvJ
ig eifhudkaemufwpfMudrfxyfar;r,faemf
eifh&JU prf;oyfrI&v'fu bmxGufvJ
a&SmifMuOfol
eif oGm;zdkYtcsdefusNyD
x&pf
eif odwJhtwdkif;yJ
taMumufw&m;uif;rJholawG rSefudk 'DvdkrsdK;rcGJedkifbl;
igh&JU tpfudku eifhvdkyJ
avhusifhcef;'kwd,tqifhtwGif;rSm ol t&rf;udkjrefqefcJhw,f
toGifwlatmifvkyfaqmifjcif;&JU aemufqHk;aeY&ufawGrSm
taMumufw&m;uif;rJholawG&JUacgif;aqmifwpfa,muf olUudkvmapmifhMunhfcJhw,f
NyD;awmh aemufreufcif;rSm acsmufeufMuD;&JUatmufajcrSm
igwdkY olUtavmif;udkawGUcJhwmyJ
olwdkY olUudk&Sif;ypfcJhwmyJ
b,folvkyfcJhwmvJ
taMumufw&m;uif;rJholacgif;aqmifawGaygh
eifh&JUtaMumif;udkolwdkYodoGm;vdkYrjzpfbl;
olwdkY odNyD;aeNyDqdk&ifa&m
'gqdk eifaoNyD;aeavmufNyD
bDx&pf
'DrSmbmvkyfaewmvJ
ig 'ku©a&mufaew,f
bmjzpfwmvJ
ig taMumufw&m;uif;rJholwpfa,muf jzpfekdifrSmr[kwfbl;
ig tJh'dae&meJYrudkufnDbl;
eif tJh'drSmudkufnDrSyJjzpfrSmav
ig rvkyfedkifbl;
igu iguolwdkYvdkr[kwfbl;
olwdkYeJYwlwmb,fol&SdvdkYvJ olwdkYu t&l;awGyJ
ig ]]a&SmifMuOfol}} b0udkjyefoGm;edkifr,fxifw,f
-eif jyefoGm;vdkYr&bl; -igodygw,f 'gayr,fh
olwdkY eifhudkb,fawmhrS'DvdkvkyfcGifhjyKrSmr[kwfbl;
-b,folawGuvJ -OmPfynm&ifhoefolawGav
olwdkY a&SmifMuOfolawGudkaemufxyf pnf;urf;awGazmufzsufcGifhjyKrSmr[kwfbl;
olwdkYtck tkyfcsKyfa&;ydkif;aqmif&GufaeNyDvdkY olwdkYwu,fyJxifaeMuwmvm;
rMumcif olwdkYaqmif&GufedkifrSmyg
aetkef; wu,fyJvm;
OmPfynm&ifhoefolawGyJ wm0ef,loifhw,f a&SmifMuOfolawGrjzpfoifhbl;
aetkef; aetkef; umvyfbf eif b,fvdkvkyfNyD;'Dpum;udkajymvdkufwmvJ
'gu tjcm;u@awGtvdk&SdaewJhae&myJ tck ]]a&SmifMuOfol}}awGusqHk;oGm;NyD
r[kwfao;bl; 'gu eifwdkYolUudkajymaewJht&mawGyJ
-'gtrSefyJav -'g trSefr[kwfbl;
r[kwfbl;
'DrSm vlvdrfawGMuD;yJ
eifhudk b,fvdkMudK;udkifjc,fvS,f&r,fqdkwm odwJholawGMuD;yJ
eif 'gudkem;vnfzdkYvdkw,f
bDx&pf
eif oGm;oifhNyDxifwmyJ
u@uaoG;xufta&;MuD;w,f [kwfvm;
em;vnfNyD
igwdkYeJY vdkufcJhapcsifw,f
&yfprf;
tqifajy&JUvm;
tif; ajyygw,f
xdkifygtkef;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
eif 'DaeY'Dudka&mufvmwJhtwGuf0rf;omygw,f
&Sif vm;
eifh&JU u@topfrSm aysmf&Tif&JUvm;
tif;
'gayr,fh eifh&JUarmifav;udkeifvmawGUcJhw,f
uRefr uRefr oleJYpum;ajymcsifvdkYyg
eifh&JUrdbawGudka&m awGUcJhao;vm;
[ifhtif;
cGifhjyKzdkYcJ,Of;w,f
u@u aoG;xufta&;MuD;w,f
'gu ta&;MuD;wJhpHwpfckyJ
'gayr,fh wpfcgwpfavus&if jznfhqnf;zdkYcufcJw,f
igwdkY&JUtajccHvlom;obm0awGeJY 'gu qefYusifaew,f
'gayr,fh 'guigwdkYausmfvTm;zdkYvdktyfwJh
tm;enf;csufyJ
vlom;awG&JUobm0u tm;enf;csufvdkY &Sifxifaewmvm;
vlom;awG&JUobm0u &efoljzpfaew,fvdkYxifwmyg
vQdKU0SufcsufawG vdrfnmrIawG cdk;,lrIawG xdef;odrf;wmu vlom;awG&JUobm0yJ
NyD;awmh igtJh'dt&mudktjrpfjzwfacsrIef;csifaewm
'Denf;eJYyJ igwdkYwnfjidrfwJh jidrf;csrf;wJh vlrltodkif;t0dkif;udkxdef;odrf;edkifr,fav
'DudpöeJYyufoufNyD; eifighudkulnDr,frvm;
uRefru b,fvdkulnD&rSmvJ
a&SmifMuOfolawGu u@&JUpepfawGudk
atmufajcuvdIufpm;aew,f NyD;awmh vrf;opfazmufolawGeJY
Oya'csdK;azmufaewmudk eifowdxm;rd&JUvm;
uRefr 'DtaMumif;awGudkrodcJhbl;
'gayr,fh 'gutrSefyJqdk&if uRefr pGefYcGmcJhwJhvkyf&yfudk0rf;omrdrSmyJ
eifeJY eD;pyfwJhvlwpfa,mufucsdK;azmufaew,fqdk&ifawmif
Oya'udktusdK;oufa&mufapzkdY
ig eifhudktm;udk;vdkY&rvm;qdkwmod&rSjzpfr,f
eif *&kpdkufwJhvlwpfa,mufa,mufaygh
[kwfwmaygh
'gqkd&if eifhudktaMumufw&m;uif;rJholawG&JUae&mudk vdkufydkYzdkY igum;oGm;,lvdkuftkef;r,f
vkyfxm; olUudk'Dudkac:vm
vkyfyg vkyfxm; vkyfxm;
a[h
eif tqifajy&JUvm;
tif;
vm oGm;&atmif
'DrSm 'g0wfxm;vdkuf
aus;Zl;yJ
eif 'DrSmvHkjcHKrSmyg
aqm&D;
bmrSrjzpfygbl;
uRefr tefvfudk,Hkawmifr,Hkedkifbl;
eif tqifhawGudkausmfwufaewm NyD;awmh oluusqHk;aew,f
'gu olUudk,folrkef;wD;apw,f NyD;awmh eifudkrkef;wD;apw,f
ol aMumufaewmyJ
vlwdkif;aMumufaewmyJ
odygw,f 'gayr,fh tefvfvdkvlrsdK;twGuf taMumufw&m;u xl;qef;aewmyJ
'gayr,fh eifawmhtJhvdkr[kwfbl;
taMumufw&m;u eifhudkrusqHk;apcsifbl; eifhudkekd;xapwm
ig 'gudkjrifcJhNyD;om;yg
eif vSJaeoifhw,f
-tdyfvdkufygtkef; -tif;
ig Murf;jyifay:rSmaevdkufr,f
b,fvdkaeao;vJ
aumif;vmygNyD
aumif;w,f
eif raeYub,fawGoGm;aecJhwmvJ
uRefr&JUarmifav;udkoGm;awGUwm
'DrSm eifhudkenf;enf;ysif;&dapaeNyDxifw,f [kwfvm;
uRefrarmifav;u ajymw,f
OmPfynm&ifhoefolawGu z,fMuOfxm;olawGudk jzKwfcszdkYpDpOfaeMuw,fvdkY olxifaew,f
olwdkY 'Dvdkvkyfedkifr,fvkdYxifvm;
tif; xifwmyJ jzpfedkifw,fvdkYxifwmyJ
olwdkY b,favmufxdvkyfcsifpdwf&SdvJqdkwJhtay:rIwnfw,f
uRefr&JUrdbawGtwGufpdk;&drfaewm
tif;
'gayr,fh eifhrSmtjcm;pdwfylp&mwpfck&Sdao;w,fvdkYxifwmyJ
r[kwfbl;vm;
tif;
uRefr oGm;oifhNyD
[dkif;
a[h
'gu eifh&JUqG,fwmvm;
[ifhtif;
'Dawmh raeYnubmawGjzpfcJhwmvJ
x&pf igeifhudkcPavmufpum;ajymvdkY&rvm;
em;axmif igawmif;yefpum;ajymcsifvdkYyg
ig bmjzpfaew,fqdkwmudkvnf;rodawmhbl;
aus;Zl;jyKNyD; eif ighudkcGifhvTwfedkifrvm;
eif ighem;aemufwpfMudrfcsOf;uyfvm&if ig eifhudkowfrSmaemf
x&pf
eif igeJYa0;a0;rSmaeyg
eifu vlaMumufw&m;yJ
ol 'Dvdkvkyfvdrfhr,fqdkwm ig,Hkawmifr,HkMunfedkifbl;
ol r[kwfwJhyHkpHtwdkif;yJ
bmMuD;vJ
vkyfxm;
bk&m;a&
ol ckefcscJhw,fvdkYxifwmyJ
x&pf
uRefrwpfa,mufwnf;aeyg&ap
tefvf twGufigpdwfraumif;ygbl;
ol uReftrSm;aMumifhaooGm;cJhwm
r[kwfygbl; eifaMumifhr[kwfygbl; olU&JUa&G;cs,frIudkolpD&ifoGm;cJhwmyg
ol avvGifholwpfa,mufjzpf&awmhrSm
ol aemufqHk;prf;oyfcsufudkausmfjzwfedkifrSmr[kwfbl;
uRefra&myJav
eifbmaMumifh'DvdkajymwmvJ
bmaMumifhajym&w,fqdkwm &Sifodygw,f
NyD;awmh tjcm;vlawGodoGm;wmeJY olwdkY uRefrudkowfMurSmyJ
ig 'DvdktjzpfcHrSmr[kwfbl;
wHcg;ydwfvdkuf
eif avhusifh&r,f
-uRefr&JU taMumufw&m;e,fy,fxJrSmvm; -r[kwfbl;
pdwfxJrSm
&Sif t&ifu'DvdkvkyfcJhzl;vm;
rvkyfcJhzl;bl;
&Sif vkyfcsifw,fqdkwmaocsm&JUvm;
bmaMumifh rvkyfcsif&rSmvJ
uRefrvnf;rodbl;
&Sif taMumif;udk,fvnf;bmwpfckrS uRefrudkrajymjycJhzl;bl;
NyD;awmh tck&Sifh&JUacgif;xJudk uRefrudk0ifcGifhay;awmhrvdkYvm;
eif 'gudkxdwfvefYaewmvm;
&Sifr[kwfbl;vm;
r[kwfbl;
tjrifhaMumufwm
uRefr rtHhMoawmhygbl;
'gu tppftrSefr[kwfbl;
r[kwfbl; uRefrwdkYckefcsvdkY&w,f
vrf;opfazmufolawGuawmh ckefcsrSmyJ
taMumufw&m;uif;rJholawGuawmh taqmuftODqDoGm;rSmyJ
eif ausmfjzwfcsifw,fqdk&if pl;prf;jcif;awGudk eifa&SmifMuOfcsifw,fqdk&if
taMumufw&m;uif;rJholawG vkyfaqmifr,fhenf;vrf;awGtm;vHk;udk eifvkyfaqmif&r,f
eif vufeuftcsdKU&Sm&r,f touf&SifzdkY enf;vrf;&Sm&r,f
csLyfavSmifcH&rSmudk aMumuf&GHUrI
'gudk &yfwefYatmifvkyfzdkY eif enf;vrf;&Sm&r,f
taMumufw&m;uif;rJhol awGqdkb,fvdkvkyfaqmifrvJ
aumif;w,f
tcsdef,lyg
yrmPao;i,foGm;wJhaowÅmxJrSm igudk,fig aysmf&Tifatmifvkyfaewm
taMumufw&m;uif;rJholppfom;wpfa,muftaeeJY eif tNrJwrf;oabmrwlxm;wJh
trdefYawGudk emcH&r,f
olu b,folvJ
olu tjypfuif;rJholwpfa,mufyJ
ig olUudkowf&r,f
'gayr,fh igb,fawmhrSvkyfaqmifedkifrSmr[kwfbl;
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